ناطق العبيدي
19 - 2 - 2024, 08:28 PM
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم اللهم صل على محمد وعلى آله وصحبه أجمعين
وكان السومريون أول من صنع من معدن البرونز ومعدن الحديد ادوات للنحت
كما استخدم الرافدينيون القدماء النحاس لصناعة المناجل والشفرات و المطارق ، كذلك استخدموا القصدير لصناعة المناشير والفؤوس والخناجر.
وقد عرفت جميع الحضارات القديمة فن النحت .. لكن تفردت حضارات بلاد الرافدين و بالتحديد السومريون بالنحت الغائر حيث كانوا اول من استخدم النقش الغائر إذ كانوا يحفرون النقش حفراً على اختام اسطوانية مصنوعة من احجار ملونة وعندما تتم دحرجة هذه الأسطوانات على الطين الطري فإنها تطبع شكل النقش بارزا و مجسماً الى الامام بتقنية ما يُعرف اليوم 3D
و منهم انتقل هذا النوع من النحت الى باقي الحضارات في العالم ويُعد من اجمل واصعب انواع النحت !
https://www.hamsalshok.com/vb/data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAoHCBUVFBcVFRUYGBcaGyEdGxsbGx0eHh0kGx4bGhodJBggICwkHSApIR0aJTYmKS4wMzMzHSI5PjkyPSwyMzABCwsLEA4QHhISHjIpIik0MjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMv/AABEIAPUAzgMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAcAAABBQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAGAAMEBQcCAQj/xABBEAACAQIEAwUFBAkEAgIDAAABAhEAAwQSITEFQVEGImFxkRMygaGxB0JSwRQjYnKC0dLh8JKywvEzQzSiJGOz/8QAGQEAAwEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIDAQQF/8QAIxEAAgICAgIDAQEBAAAAAAAAAAECEQMSITFBURMiMgSBcf/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8AnEkCmrlynLlzrTDRyrjOxI8GtSLSQeZrnDpJqeluhKzXwehOlJZJ1kfDT1r1iBqSABqSeQG5qAnG7YnKrFBHfEHfYwTNVSvonZZgaRTlnbrQdxLj1y4xSwGjNAYzqNp8AeURRNwAMbFs3GzOQST4yfpt8KHCuQ2Jbr4U0iHwp/EEAa1He4AJmhAx06bnaqvFYskwBI+vj5VxisQSAJ06fSoWIxIUbievPypta7FsefEkHeWkeXlRTwrFXVwmLuWo9oiZkkSJVWaCOe0UAYTFZrg0MA6/yrTOx1sZboI0JWR4ENQv0jJfksuzXGkxeHS8ognRl/Cw95fzHUEVb1kfZLGtw7id3B3DFq6+VZ2DT+qbwzKQp816VrlVIipUqVACpUqVACpUqVACpUqVACpUqVAGRPrvvSWK8Bp+0FrjO4fwlsaGpixUe3HiKdEVsXQjIHaBS1h/4dOozrIJ6GIqhxeNtmETcD4QOXzovKgggiQRBB51nGIs+zxd2390M0eR7w/KujE74JT45K/hfFXW465pQkop6AMSPhJNHPZzH5W9mT3X2PQ9Pj9ape0XBlbDWsVaUAogFwDmBoX8wZnw8qquHYosscx4/OnVStMXlcmnYy4qqCfQflVU8ufpzAqBgsW13UtLCBr9ak4/GJbRo0AEn/OdJrr2NdixjrbWJluv+cqH+9cMD4n8hXFq497UaDTz8qIeHYHLyjpSyZqOeH8NKRp6fOj7sbOW5PVf+VDaIY0ok7H7XdOa/Q0sP0E/yCP2wcJI9nikkfdcjqNVM+U/6RRV2A7SDHYUMx/W24S4Opjuv5MNfPMOVW3aDhgxOHuWTEsvdJ5MNVPrHwmsF7OcZucLxkkHKGyXU5lJ18MynUeII5mrkD6NpUxg8Ul22ly2wdHUMrDYg6g0/QAqVKlQAqVKuLlwKJYgDqTA9aAO6VUuM7Q2092XPhoPX+1DnEO0d19m9mDyXf8A1b+kVGWaK8jxxyYY4ziNq0O+4Xw3P+ka0M8S7bqseztz4vp6AVVYDguIvnNGVT99+fiBuf8ANaI8F2Qw6j9YvtW6tt8FGg+ZpVKculSGcYx75ARWqXbSRPOoyLrTyEgVM6GPG7XL36i3J9adS16U6QjZ2uKO1CPaZsuKzAaOqkn/AOh+lFj2oGnlQn2t963rqAwPloR+dVxfonPouMLxlbWGK5c7ywVORB118NTQJavG28gRrt08KKMHaD6nbKCf8+NU3H7YNwBBGnzp5JKTF5aLPA4kiHU7705dttcbUHIDt+Lx8qHuG4so+R9BJBnkdqKMDfCsFbbkddP7VsvsrQRdFtw/BKACdKvLSaedV2G00/69atbS7af5yqDKnC2wpn01oj7H+7c81+hqhuxV/wBk1gXPNf8AlRjf2Fn+QirG/tb7OlboxNsd257374Go/iAnzDVslQOM8NTE2XtPsw0PNSNVYeIOtXIGR/ZP2w9k4wd5otuf1bH7jk6oegY+jfvVtdfOOI4BfW5cX2BOViGIIAJUwcpJGYGNIprE9pb4XI127lGmR7jkCNIyseVZaNpn0kTFQL3F7KbuCei6/TSsT7MdsLhuJYuuzI5ypmJhGOw1OxOnnFGN4mTrUM2ZwdJFIY1LlsI8b2kb/wBax4nU+mw+dUGK4g1wyzE+f5DYU5w/AXL3uL3ebHRR8efwon4b2ct24Z++3j7o8l/nUVHJk7fBVuEOuwZwPCL173RCn7zaD4dfhRRw3s7atQxGd/xMNB5LsKugKVdEMMYkZZJSFSpUqsTMmQ5QSdANzXvtQCJb+HTb6zUZb63ACsECY8OWvjTL2WnMDUoY6XJ0Sn6LFwOVcWr0aVB/To0PKnrMtJBGn+a1rhRmxOe9pA9elAnG0i4QzSQfWfzoyW7nAEZfxH86Be0F7PiCF2WNucc62KSFl0WHDrwFsEmIBU+U6flUXD4m29wudxos/WucEMyOv+aj+1RnwuU+NUmraFgS+0fDJX26a8rn0VvyPw6U7wq4XtKdyuk+AMCKkcLxumS4JQgg+REEUsBhAiZFM5ZIMbid/OkjYzXknYLHMhnfwNW6cdG/siD4EeXSqhUA2/ya7YyZjzqmkX2FtBNhuJJd2kNzBjXxoq7JjS55r9DWY52RwVMEaj+VaN2FxPtFuHxX/lUXDWSoHK4sKqzvjfHX9qyM5y52ASYgKSNhvtzrRKzr7QOEFWGIQaN7w5TBgHwMzPUUue9eAxVtyRWuk0GduuEDKL6jWQH8fwnz5elEGDxR9mC+43/Kqbtljri2xaa1cUPBzsjBd5EMRBJjlXLhUtuC+RrWmBVu2B57+Oms+Fb7wDs+btq3dvmM6K2RdPeUHVuW+w9awnB3BauIz2xdCsGKP7rgGSp8xp/Ovprg/EbWJspetGUcSOUcipHIg6EeFd0oKXZyqTXRLtWlRQqgKoEADQCnKVKmFFSpUqAFSpUqAPm4sVMrKsD5beFXeG4+D3bqmfxLz8xyqjxJhm8CQfHWJpYZ87FTEqBlmdd9J5bCsssFK5bglCDOpM6/2qVhE7wBJAkbb0II7B9MymJnY/LernB8ZdYUqGJMAxqJ025k01il8QFn7zE6DpoSBHU1UcWwFu3etsAuY21JA1gksDLczp6zRXh7YRSLeU3AjsXJEWQuUtnHNzPoSAedD3aQJbbDBUCW/wBYqgkyYec/grSco6DYVkl9QvkEuGiGZZ6g+a6Gry7hQ6g/sg/Kqt7MYlwNAX//AKQfz+VXOOVrVsqwIYaH6j5GiXMUwjwykw6y0cpirVHCMCNiNZ9DpVGjZIeNm1+OlECoHhtp90CPgKntQ6Vj2HwxbujWQYP0501kjUzPIfCr7C2BajOMxI12MdIPTT61Fx2HS1cLQSCTkABJM6xAqin7FcStRLhiF+NaB9n9oqt4HeU06aNQxYFy4NvZJ0iXPm2y8ttfEUZ9kUAW4AIEr9DPmfGs+SLdIyUXVsI6axFhXUo6hlYQQedO0q0mUuB7NYe0+dVzN93Oc2XyH5mT41aYjDpcRrdxQyMIZWEgg8iKepViil0a232YL2/7JHCXBlk2Xn2bc15m2T1HLqPEGmvs87XNgr/srpjD3DDztbbZbg8Ng3hr93XceL8Mt4m01m6sow+II2YHkQda+fu1fZ+5hLxtXBPO24Gjr+IePUcj8CdMPo1WBEjUHnXVY59mHbn2ZTA4poXaxcJ0XkLZP4T908vd6RsdACpUqVACpUqVAHznxTu3XzCASYnYz4+dQrcZhqQevL0o5xOBVj3h+dDmP4OAw9n3SeXLz/ZqSmWcSsukFgAO9qCQdPCOm+1PYC+2dGzm2c4/WCSU/agamPCmb4dWAYRGx3E17YkOkQTmBGaI0POdI6zToDTluKvcILpczMCqz7fPbgG5EZV92BGuT4VmvEcU75MzM2VmAJJ0MjOPkutG3G+KXLa5klnuW/1jJ7rx3MtsmYYAsug5j4B2J4awIZvgOgJkKep11NbKXFGJHqtmZW1mF5xsWnXyiiQ/rpVzJKjfw0qp4VYOY7QFk5iAANufPUVOsMA4M6k6Rt+HXwrW/qCXJAxXBntg6ZlPT560zwrEZJtsdAZUkgADnr5xRzgQWEAKRroaebgNjOH9ksjXUaemwP8AOobeB6oquFWrmIhgMqRpcbn0yrz8zHxomGFW2hO5A1ZtSQJO5+Og03p+y6qAANtPSu7hDAjrSN0jeynkHXX/ADn5URdlNrnmv0ND4txEgSBB/wA6USdmYyvHUfnW4v0GT8l5SrhLgbUEHyM11mG810nMe0q4ZwNSQI3k/wCdRXocRMiOvL1oA6qo7R8BtY2ybVweKMPeRuTD8xzFW9ImgD5q7S9nrmGutZurqNVYe64/Ep6dRy2NHf2bdvjKYLGv3tFs3WPvchbcn73IMd9jrBOhdoeA2cbaNq6NRqrD3kPIj8xsawftR2cuYW4bV5dDqjj3XH4lP1G4n1APpClWQdgvtFNvLhcc/c923iG5dFuH/n69a11WBEjUGgDqlSpUAZtiMP1HxFV64X3iY3jXw51bJczIrbZgDHmKZtsDPn1+BNcz7OopsRwYPOgjn0qjx3Zu6kG2pbUd3+R5Uc93ZY06eNO+R5fWjZroykyowvDzcK3Li+zCiLdoSfZhdDHViSTm3MjpTnEuGZlJXXbzq6tnTxr1HAGvw8d6xtt2woBsDaHtcjbEEHl0I8z/ADq6u8COQultggGbO5CBcuv3iJ+FOcVw9y3cF+yJbZlXcgiPj41FNjHXUYM2QOIKu555CRz2IYaciK6YOOvLJSu+C14W+VCwjXbc1Ps4lSvfcBgSdWG06elRLOGFu2qT7ojf0pJcjmNOtcpdInNcVRJYDz/v514Lit7rqfAEVAv2bZRYVTB1/mK8s5REgRM/zrG2bRZoobQsD5R+VW/ZlSBc8x+dB1zh1p3LFYaZzKSp85GtFvZXQMpbMe7vvAkTRjf2QmRfVlWvGbuEAR8NkuPfWRatM1sI2RTlZFGd+UmDzIAAWmlwrn2UJiAuIv3RctFH9mLbYi5c9ow09lcIYQ0iQToSAQZ4jDI+UuitkbMpYA5WAIDCdjBIkdTT4rsOYo7mHuC3icttHZ7hZFue4wyoJI5+6xAMSQNRM1At4m5cs27HsbilFs5ma2ba50uWwyiQFIiSMumh8KLIqM2DtnPKKc4h5Ud8AEAN+IQSNaAKTB9oLly81k4ZwUxDW2aHKhAmdbhfJlzElO7OgYGZ0pnjXFbZuYQrmYpibgZEBdwEs4m0zezWWgMyaxpmXrV9Y4daTLktImQMFyqoyhyC4EDTMQCepAmu7mDttnm2hzjK8qO8IiG07wjSDQAOrxO6jvdOGul7lm1lRbbkZka7mUsF7h7wIzAbjxi54xwm1irZtXkDKduqnkVbkf8ANqlXMMhCqUUhSCoIBClfdI6EcjyqRFAGAdsux13BtJ/WWWMI8f8A1Yfdb5Hl0D3YvtzewRW1dm7hvwzL2/FCd1/YPwjY7lisMlxGS4odGEMrCQQfCsc7XfZ5esvnwqNdtMdFAl7c8jzZf2vXqQDXeG8RtYi2t2y4dG2I+YI3BHMHUVMoD+znslfwYa5euFWdY9iplRtDMdi/LTYE6nkdOwG5A86APQg6D0pZB0FeihH7Qe0z4K1b9kAbt1iq5hIUKJZsvPdRH7U8qAC3IOg9K8yDoKxUdrcc2v6S2u8C2Plk0qdge1WNGvts3g6qwPhsD86XZD6s13KOgpZR0FA1rttdIA9jbYnSQ7AT0jKY58+VWeH7S3SBmwh1/BcVvqAa0WmE+UdK8yDoPSqZO0Vv79u8n7ySPUE08OP4bneUfvSvyI0rTCzyDoKWQdB6Uxh8daua27iPG+VgfoafVgdiDQAsg6CuPZrM5RJ0mBymPqfU07SoA5yDoKQUdK6pCgDlmAEnShviXa21aIhWcZiMwmDAkkQD5ax6Vz2zxTKttFEhiW055YgeXen4CgEXIKsN1MkCIMajb/rSoZMjTpFIwVWzVuGcSS+uZZBESDuJ+o3qwrOuyOOhmzNkDllnXSRKnMfeIj6k7k0fYS6WRWOhIEjofvD4GRTwnt/0WUaJFKlSqgoqVKlQAqVKlQAqVKlQALdq+2FnAG2ty3cdrgYqLYWIWAdWYDcjTXesy7a9rU4g1r2dt0W2GnOVklyvJSQAMvXnWv8AGuA2MWqLiEzhGzLBZYMQdVIMHpPTpWZ/aZ2WtYZbL4a1kViyXILMJgMhOYmDo+vOllY8KsEUBn+9T8E/eG2vUiKp7dkkTFS1sjprSDsKbLwCZTcffX4HfpV1gOIkgd5IEDW4gIjXr86AUCjSpVsactuZFMmK0jWsFxuwFg3LeaNZdT47zUDG8TwhYubloyIjMI0JMx1rN/aDaRPQf2p+1wa/d1SxdaOfs2APxMCm5FpF/j2wcyly2AfeWND0hh461Us9oEtbuKP3CR8+dO4fsNjn/wDUqD9t1H+3MatbH2Z3iBmv20J3yqzR5EkT8qVpmpoHBxq+mi4u6NdP1jnYbSSalW+22OU//JDeDJbPrCg/OiJvstED/wDKPjNsfKHEfOn7X2XYfTPeuNG+UKs/EgxWUzbiUOF+1HEoQLlu1cHPLmRvWSPlRdie16XMJaxNpmth2ZYZQxzKDKkagiRuD/Ku8L9nmBTVrb3P33P0XKKvr3BMM9tLTWLbW09xCgyrpGgjStcW1Vi2rujLMRx69iXZ3ud1PdGVQF0GYxvGgO+9RLbBh3cxY8xGUx0Jj0/7oi7Y8HwuHZfZWVRmQk6nL7ywApkA6GNoofs2lJZmAMaQuknYGFid9xXPNU2VTVE5MV7MJ3GypLEhlJmNypIgb7TtRr2c4zbu2xaw7gspaWaRlBdiIUwXMRtp1PKs+xuAvG2WstniQytA2aO62zknKABuWAEmp2B7M4y1bGbDHvGWCsjHpBGaSYHKaMdxtpGTp8Gjtca3cRfbG4WMFGCZo5suRVgLoTMiNNCRNrWV2b74djlS9YP3tCoPQkEFT561ZWO2NyIDox5l1Eeiwdap8y8pi/G/DNDpUFW+2NwDvJaYzELcK/7gak2+2iTDWbg8mQ7b7kU6yxfkzSXoLKVUFvtXYIkrcH8E/wC0mnV7T4U6m4R5o4/41qnF+RdX6LqlVZb49hW2xFryLgH0JFT7V1WEqwYdQQfpTWjKOxVfxzhi4mw9ljAYaGJykEFTHOCKD8N23vMSHS2oEd4JcYHQEiA0yK7w3bS/cY5LKsk6QpzEctM+9I8kR1BkKx9mT5u/ily/s2zJ9XgVKX7M0n/5LZZ2CCf9WaPlTeM7bYpFcm1bXKVEMrSc37OedqlDtfiGQMlu2BEsWDR/v0+dZvE3WRPwnYDBp7we4erOR8kyir/C8Ns2hlt2rajwUD5xrQS/bTFCYtWzqFGjbkT+PTeu7HbLEMxXJaESSSGEQCTu2m1HyRRmkmHdqwi+6ir5AD6U7QC3be57MPkVcwlTlZgRMT7w5keoqFf7bYwe6MK3UMtxfnnI+dHyxD45Gl0qzFO3OPb3cMh8VR3A25q58dat8D2oxVxAxS3r+y3WNs9bGcZdA8cl2G9KhEdo8RMG3b9G/qp1+0N0D3EJ8m/qp9kZqwppUIp2jvne3b9G/qrh+1dwEjIno39VZsg1ZA7esyXA72me3lAV1DQnvBpZRodZ10geo9blrYuKgEnxy5QO6uneOsCeZAosHaq8R/40Pwb+qm7XF2BVlsWFYaLCEEDwIOm59alOCfJsWx3s/wAFK3VDxlsgOwHu+0cSiL1W2hzSd2uA6ZQAZUMJxrEn7lr0b+quDxzFZgDbtR5N/VVFSXBjTYVzUW/w+0/v2rb/ALyKfqKqL3Gbq/dT0b+qq7E9qb6f+tD/AAt/VW2jKZb3uy2Dfeyo/cLJ/tIFQb3YXDMQVe8kfhuT/uBqE/a+6oBZLaz1Vv6qn4Lj966CQqRyMN/VS/UZbEU9hgJyYm6J/EAfkMtMHsbiFHdxKsf2kYbeTGpeK47jEMC1aPwb+uop7TY2Y9jb9G/qpdYejbkQb3ZTGjnZff7xkz+8oqDc4PjEgHBzpupB/wBrfUdKLbHGcURLJbHwb+quW7Q3gYKJ6N/VWfHFhtIzq2XXZgSPDrHj4CuDduRooMcxIPrUjhT2i5NxbrwADkJ7kBVBIHWZ5bU6lq26Z/aZAZyrKsx/CCIBWpNp8FtX2QP0sx3kJMyS0sDG1MjFIHzBEmNiBA31A6nTXwqQ6XFtoUS5dZlLEhe6O8wXbXYV2meCHslcu4/VuPRSTFDj6C6HbOITbvN7S4ubKyqB3MpJMEnnt0qWXtqxMMVyssswbUEwdACWO2vKqy0yMs+wtwZgpmQ90kE90xy6V4+GQsuroAfvEOBPPYGkkmzUye2Ib2FrOSQAGyMpLMuYRJAgAj7vlTONhkZvYXLWkjOrKrGdVCsAQflXaC4BlDI2UShzBD1BUNoe9ymq8lxbKut2R95wzc9e8CRHlQ0wT5HMLiSipctuwuOZMSAo7q5B+L78nWjXs9bmyrHmWPqxoFtcUNy2E9oSqsQAuUiDsI5AVoPZtYw1rxWfU1XB2xchMa2u8VxdZcp60xxUuAuRS0OC0NByj3tB75/Z5/I0pxz3UF1FuqEDkrlzB8jZVSImSM0xqCBqY16SFstbZJHKn7GBA1Ik1SC3dS2xEu/dyy2UnupJJEfezaaT4VYDipCXbhU5FUBVJALMpbMPAzAj9mlikNfBP9iOgpprHgK4/T19mGeUDFlBM6QSBtsxiY8+lQ8PxI6Sj65EE9R/5CeYIk6HfJy1jTEy1sodqTnfWm2xAA8a4ZsyfWsbRq7KntB2jt4aFg3Lp2UaAeLufdHPmdNqzziXavE3jDXMikaKgKAA7MW1f0IJ0ok4zw/D3bhuXMVbsqyjus6hn27wWZVYUdc2+nOPiuGYTLntFHBMl0Y6keIPjRLLGPgtDBKfTAW/Zdz32M8lILuf4Z7o8WNdWnuW4Ntr1s9VYLz6KadxUICMoAOuoOWesCS55SdOkUzdt6T3IP4rbJ6GKsuUc7tOmGXZjttdLLaxD5gSAtwgAjkA3UE6TWiJihGtfPYMEE6D1j1raOAYv2tlH8wekqSp+lLOPkaLZdPjPSn0vqeVV7KIpzDDSp2K2wHwLi07Oiyx55j4DYaHansRxA3IDgRmBgAAaTHw1ryziAAc6q2rHuqAQoE+E025tFsr2ipJABzRMjNvM7VzKHmy+3gkYfGKhEZpAAEMVA1J5bgzrPKphwsISRbO5Z1ZGB5jRu+KrW4fZBH/AJEJMAg5h1Ghrk4Qbe3BH7VsiPiCaWVoZV5OsLhI9miZWCqW77hR3ySRqR1NNcRwzBX7jqOgYMhnlPekfGm7uFce49tvi35gVz7O9bIc2mYSDKQw08AaxSYUic9ucxN+NWOUIBHIII26zyrvBYVpyWnAhBDOzSWhZGZRpvPwqv8A01WEKoBLEt7wJJMwQdgOlTMG6nVndW0ACgMNBudjM9CNqZS9hXocxWIkKbltHQnuuVBYgEQ3tB3gfAn60UdnsURYtiD3VAoWxr2wmRAATGbKpUNGklT941ofAMOq4e0AN1n11qmF9izK67jIk5SfCKh/pz3Gyqh8avsZYETFLhmFUSQNaq0ya1IFvCXDuNKj3muWyZQkDbSiiuHdRRr6YbIFX4qQPdIpWWdxmAPxq5uKjMO6NKnJaSNhWaSfk24oEsRavEiIpnj9u7+jOEIUmJPgTBA6sdh50YkoOVDHGsYCGu6C2ik25jWdPaRzJ2UdNfvaJO4LllMUVKXCM34XwwO15RYN26hEu7aajmMpA+Mct6vE4W4t5tB+yuw+Qont8Ow1u0IR2Ld5h7R4LHc5c0fKqjinFGVT3cltRPKTHICuSc93SPSwrROwG4zlVtQcwEnLodNtYMDnUXBWbl2XRsqTlh2kE7xsJNMcUx5uXGeBBOmgOg21j11qZhCEtJBObUt0An66V6FyhBLycCjHJklJ9FVeSDpoDsOh5jyrQ/s0xRNm6m+RpjoHA/MGs3u3CfPejT7NMUEv3LZ0Fy33Z55Tm/NvSqTvXg5lSkaEhk7GnhfI0inBcy6xUhMQp3Fc0W2PJJGZOiq2qkwSNCQNT16efKpOPsq4tzo7EszZpyqoyqAebEifKa7OCflctEeMg/Su2wl0Ae4Y1EOvOojnti+UIZjbKqe4GzZi2WGKkCI8/GusHhJtDJbaczMWUoQNdAxZpCx0FRv0W4YPsi2XUQVMfCa6QnJkKXQR+wY9RRTo2xsurBgbkMGiFEkgbzOgGhp62mxEjrGmnUVHdlgB5CjqCvOd9KfPEJKqpi2vuqsf4aymB3fu3kVXL9xnyrLZucGVMxTDPau+9APJgDbzaxIggGesVIQ6me9rmEjuiZCgDwHXnXqDEhO6CbQYIugOsARlOpAIPqaGbGLfRXPh0VgM10kjSXDj5gH51q3Z+8rYe1DCfZrIkTsOVZrZ4YTeZbhW2IDXHTvRmgBdBAOmvIeNSLgFu3bgNo5IcjUqp0hv3Yp8eRRH+ByXJo+MfKs09hSMo8aGOL8Sa5bIWLUqSGZ7ZO2kKrMZ8TU/s5xHPhbTsdTbUmfITNdCnGT4OeWJxVl7mqu4hj0tqzuwVRuSYAqq4px8Bf1felwmZYJnSYGoOk0E9pOINdb2ftCy+8sx3WUysgCd4BHRj0oU47UasMqthLiO1AUFrdsuOTMRbX0Muf8ATTPAu2T3LotXkQBwcjoSRI1KmfDUEdDWacRxr3Ut5pGQZSviNNR10pcJxTKYBgqQ6+amY+Oo+Nd7wx14M1TRtmIxQIInQgyduWtAHCXsXsYiszXbQUhM5kgoNDpAEjkByFE2E4jae0t2YRkza8hzmsy4xig19ntBVUyO73JkOVLDXUL0A0Ari+PdUzIZJY3wE3FePexdrdoTlIXMxPWNAN+YJMbc6EOK8Se6RnYnTQdGWQYA61GuXokKSdDEmdVIad+s1DutJMc+8PMfSqY8MILhBkzyn2xsmPXUePlVnicWwtpZEBVGY6bk8iekzULC289xR+LfrpvT/E7cXQInuiKWbWyRTGnHG5f4Rresaanb/JqZw3FPauW7i93I0g8jBggidQRmFQ1WANB/hinA8Ayo3BnaPL0qqOZ9mz4LiFu8ua24Yc4O3gelT1rJ+yHETaxKwe5cIRp6EyD66DzrVJNRcNWNtYOqVNOCwhAMCoFq4AP71y3EAABNcmyK0yS+HUSenSojX2VgFZhryJFPJjlYU3YRSwLNSOvAyRIs3nkZ2zTybXTbnUW/xBGYW2t2ySpYkooAA8QQZ2qZewtqczQTHMZh5ZZioTojPmCKfd5aaNm2PlTKNBZEX2TD/wANy2eTB70x+5nC/OiPglhTh0ZizKM5CuZ1LNqep8yRVU7++7kjORqIMRmMQepb5VY8FuA2XUfcuE/Bhm1+JNLk6OjA030TC6i2LagARBgRPSonFbw9mls7bfAginLpYQRBJ1+B6+ND/FcUzOVgyDsN55CKlFc8HUl7OOB8HOJdlG6DvORJ3jnoCf51e8Uw7WlSye+lsI7g/gkoBA96YP8Apq47OcFu4bC3YgX7i5hscpAOVSdiZ+EnnQjj8dfumUs3kEi273M2Y5yBlYmBE7ZdAdq7dHqcUskXlXo94nxRLbNbtwQWW4jDQKYAI+Ux41CxeKGIi4UCXFiWXqNmB/KusP2cuG57NzAjMeeg5Cef0qZxazat5URYga+PL4mua6ars76TXIN8Z4Xdt20xDwbd0kkrMIw0IbTQmD8QaY4Xwu7dI9jadz1ghR5sdK2bs/w428Lbt3NZliGG2YloI8Jqbew5+6YjlXprNLWjyW1FujIuMYx8NZXBkguBmc8hJLBAOn5edCSXiZLamDz5tzNWXae1ct4i6L05mcsTyYE90jwiB8Ko2v6EAQDWp8EHyx9mJM/Hw2g+NdYa0zRlGo59OmtcYHC3LhlUZlXViAcoA6nYUU8P4cXdUUASfgPGoZcui4Or+b+dZHb6R7wbgpVWuRMbtGgnkKr+0GGIa28b6H4f91rdrCJbwwtL01PUnc0E9oOG+0ssFHfQ5l8eRHxH0rkw5HLJbO7LGPxOKQAsYDDT46ny0p4hZIEaj7omrHCcDv3SRatMY96I0155tj4VoHZ3sTatKr3x7R8o7hjKhO+3vHlrpvXpNpHkNclF2P7OszLdu2nCAKyFtMx3BjmKPGarDSIjTYVC9koJ0rnlNtjpKgWVGX75HwFelJ/ASettf5VNe0OtMsDyiuWXHkqiC+GWQDatGf2Y+lePhVGgtj+FmFP3ixuII6muXeB/nWl2ZRRREu4M/wD7B/FPyIpkW3XRbhH71sH6EVbl9R5/lXKgSs86FNmaoqXt3CILKeeqsPzNd8NuXrT5gbZB95ZaGHTUb+NWjRofL8v51BySfnWuV9oE6fBc23UxcQzbOmu6EbqatnwaXMl1Aou29VJGhjkfDx5UJ4XGGyS0ZlbR16gfmOVXeDxoQgqZQ7eFRdxdo7INZIhRw7iS3DkYFLg3RvqD94eI+VO8Zt22sXBc9zKS3UZe9IPIiJHiKprlpLoBO41BBgg9QRqD5U3xOxiHt+zkXFkZpMMygyVzAQZiNQK6o501z2csv52pcA7i8NeuLbuXHCvlB0WCJGx13jeoHCbJu4m0HhgGzNPRAT9Y9asuK4q6CTds3F6d2V9VmvewIVsU53At/Nm1/wBtSgnKSOyUtYMPEvyKc9oIqQ1tYiqDiNxbLDvfw7k+SjU/CuttpWzykr4OeJ8MsXwBctJcjbMsx5HcUsB2UwdsBhh7WbrkBI+JqWMf3RFsg9XYIPTVvlVZi+M3WbIBbQAd5pZo8tgT0EUiypc2VWFvhELtCucixZXMzGWCjRQDIk7CTHoa5wHZh7ay122jHcBcx8s0j6Ve8Lwwy6EqNzHvMeZZuZp7E27Y2UT1/vXJkybSs68acFqiku8Kugdy+GP7SwPlVOUdWIuLHI6yD4g1b3cXlNVmPxWemxN7WVletFlwviP/AKnPeUSh/Ev8xoD8DVk2JHM0K2oZrTEwUuKZHQnK4/0k0Vvw5M25jzrtb9Hm5IVIatYideVPaGuxwsR3Wj4VHGFaSDOlKo07Jp+ASOOMTArlMYT19f7UqVefvL2WGnxRnNzA/wA5VzbvZhqOn1pUqGyiHP0g9Bz+ddG+ZB6UqVbB2zWRw5MCeZ+UU8y+PKlSqj7FZB4g5ynz/lRFxHDi37N12uDvLymJkdK8pVWK+rDE/ujlcQ1syp+FX+CxhIGnzpUq5T0J9F9bhl1FDXHuEop9paJtXYkOmh05EbMPA0qVNjf2OYjcJ49exJFjMLZyy1xRJIA5KdFPjr5Vb2sAqzlJB5tJLHzcnMfWlSquRiQXJw1kAVRcReFOm2tKlUEXj2OYDjzEA5QNBz/tT2K4i7LJPwpUqV9lkgfxOKJkxXCNIpUqvj7Nl0drs3iD9KOcFeLW0Y7lVJ+IBr2lXTiPP/q7RKVq9JpUqsjiP//Z
مراجعة وتنسيق ناطق ابراهيم العبيدي
https://dorar.at/imup2/2022-09/131290.fb_img_1662697742477.jpg (https://www.dorar-aliraq.net/showthread.php?t=1231396)
وكان السومريون أول من صنع من معدن البرونز ومعدن الحديد ادوات للنحت
كما استخدم الرافدينيون القدماء النحاس لصناعة المناجل والشفرات و المطارق ، كذلك استخدموا القصدير لصناعة المناشير والفؤوس والخناجر.
وقد عرفت جميع الحضارات القديمة فن النحت .. لكن تفردت حضارات بلاد الرافدين و بالتحديد السومريون بالنحت الغائر حيث كانوا اول من استخدم النقش الغائر إذ كانوا يحفرون النقش حفراً على اختام اسطوانية مصنوعة من احجار ملونة وعندما تتم دحرجة هذه الأسطوانات على الطين الطري فإنها تطبع شكل النقش بارزا و مجسماً الى الامام بتقنية ما يُعرف اليوم 3D
و منهم انتقل هذا النوع من النحت الى باقي الحضارات في العالم ويُعد من اجمل واصعب انواع النحت !
https://www.hamsalshok.com/vb/data:image/jpeg;base64,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
مراجعة وتنسيق ناطق ابراهيم العبيدي
https://dorar.at/imup2/2022-09/131290.fb_img_1662697742477.jpg (https://www.dorar-aliraq.net/showthread.php?t=1231396)